COBNER, David

Dean and Director of Sport at Cardiff Metropolitan University for over 20 years, Dave developed and managed one of the largest and most successful sport departments in the UK and in 2016 was inducted into the Welsh Sports Hall of Fame for services to Welsh sport. During his tenure, the Cardiff School of Sport expanded rapidly and his introduction of high-performance sport coaches and support staff resulted in ground-breaking community sport development programmes. Additionally, Dave has a long and varied career as a teacher educator, sports coach, coach educator and sport scientist. He coached rugby at the University, was Wales U21 Rugby Squad fitness coach for six years and is Chair of Wales Deaf Rugby.

Thompson, Steve MBE

Steve Thompson played 73 times for England at hooker, and in 2003 won both the Grand Slam and most memorably the Rugby World Cup beating Australia in Sydney 20-17 with the now infamous extra time drop goal from Jonny Wilkinson. Steve, who played his club rugby for Northampton, Saints (with whom he won the Heineken Cup in 2000), Leeds, Wasps and Brive, and also won three British Lions caps during the 2005 tour to New Zealand. In December 2020, aged just 42, Steve revealed that he had been diagnosed with early onset dementia and probable chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). He has spoken how his condition means he can’t remember playing the RWC final and can struggle to remember his wife’s name and the names of his four children.  He is part of the action against World Rugby and the RFU, and in September 2021 Thompson decided to donate his brain for CTE research.

SMITH, Kiebie

Former lock/backrower Kiebie Smith is the first South African rugby player to go public with his diagnosis of early onset dementia and probable CTE. Growing up with a rugby ball in his pram, he was a ballboy at Loftus Versfield and started playing aged six. He played for the Blue Bulls U17 Youth, U18 Schools and U19 and U21 sides alongside future Springboks. After stopping playing at 25 due to neck trauma, Smith has suffered two strokes, suicidal thoughts, mood swings, anxiety, crippling migraines, blackouts and balance issues. He has no intentions of taking legal action against South Africa Rugby but is passionate about helping support other players and educating current players about looking after themselves.

RYAN, Dr Lisa BSc, PhD, RNutr - Ireland

Lisa is Head of Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition at the Atlantic Technological University (formerly the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT)), Ireland. She is currently leading a European Project focused on Females Concussion Education and Awareness in Sport. Lisa holds a first-class honours degree in Nutritional Science and completed her PhD in Nutritional Biochemistry at University College Cork (UCC), Ireland. She has worked as a lecturer at Bournemouth University, Oxford Brookes University and Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. Outside of her formal academic role Lisa has worked as a sports nutritionist for a number of rugby, hockey and AFL teams. Recent research projects have included a focus on understanding concussion across a range of sports.

PETERS, Sam

Sam was rugby correspondent at the Mail on Sunday between 2013 and 2017, when he spearheaded their concussion in rugby campaign. During that period he was named in 2015 as one of Rugby World’s five most influential media figures and has been credited with changing rugby’s culture around head injuries while campaigning for improved player welfare. His unrelenting desire that player welfare be the game he love’s number one focus is inspiring.  

GOUGH, Ian

An abrasive second row, Ian Gough played for Pontypridd, Newport, NG Dragons, Ospreys and London Irish and made his debut for Wales against South Africa in 1998. Over the next 11 years he would go on to play 64 times for his country, including as a member of the 2007 Rugby World Cup squad. On the occasion of his 50th cap, Gough led Wales out for what was to be the game they clinched the 2008 Grand Slam, as Wales went on to beat France 29-12 in Cardiff. He announced his retirement from playing in May 2015.

ROBINSON, Peter

Peter’s world was turned upside down in 2011 when his 14-year-old son Benjamin died following a school rugby match. Ben was treated and assessed multiple times during the match for Head Injuries and on each occasion was permitted to play on. In the final minutes of the game Ben was knocked out and tragically never regained Consciousness (Second Impact Syndrome). The resulting inquest highlighted the need for more Education and Awareness around Concussion/Brain Injury in Schools. Since then, Peter has campaigned to raise awareness of the danger of concussion and brain injuries for young sportspeople and has been a constant voice behind the “If in doubt, sit them out” campaign that has taken hold in Scotland. He believes there should be mandatory concussion lessons in schools, just as there is now mandatory CPR training. In addition, Peter is on the Scottish concussion advisory board, and works with the Edinburgh University thinktank on concussion.  

HAYMAN, Carl

Carl Hayman is a former New Zealand international who won 45 caps for the All Blacks at tighthead prop, playing against the British Lions in 2005 and in RWC 2007.  Widely considered as one of the greatest tightheads of all time, he was known for his incredible strength, known for being able to box squat a staggering 250kg. After playing for Otago and Highlanders, he moved to the Newcastle Falcons in the UK before playing more than 150 games for Toulon, with whom he won the Heineken European Cup three times. He retired aged 35 in 2015, and aged 41 he was diagnosed with early onset dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) after being tested due to relentless headaches that had led to alcohol abuse, erratic behaviour and suicidal thoughts. Carl was only knocked out once during his career but is believed to have received in excess of 150,000 sub concussive blows during his 441-game career. He now campaigns for better protection for players and believes changes are needed to secure the future of the game. Carl is one of a number of players suing World Rugby and the RFU.

PEGNA, Ben

SILVERWOOD, Dr. Victoria

Victoria is an academic, researcher, and lecturer in Criminology at Swansea University and has spent 16 years researching violence in contact sports. Her recent work has focused on harms associated with contact sport such as the commodification and consumerism of sport in late capitalist society; as well as the prevalence of prescription drug use, depression, suicide, and brain injury. She is co-founder of SCORSS, The Swansea Centre of Research into Sport and Society, and has conducted interviews with local, national & international media on the topic of violence and concussion in sports.  In 2023, she spoke at Hay Festival on ‘The Crisis in Concussion: How can Sport Respond?’ 

WARD, Stevie

Stevie Ward played for Leeds Rhinos, becoming a three-time Super League champion and two-time Challenge Cup winner by 26 and was firmly on England’s radar. But on 2nd February 2020 he played his last game after suffering his second concussion in two weeks. While desperate to return to his boyhood club he suffered with migraines, dizziness, nausea, and sensitivity to light and noise. He retired from the game he loved in January 2021 and is now an outspoken and passionate advocate for player welfare.

LOW, Kieran

A talented flanker, Low went straight into professional rugby from school having already been identified by London Irish. Aged just 22, he made his debut for Scotland from the bench in November 2013 against Australia - a game he remembers little of after being concussed in his first carry but completed the match. During his career he also played for Glasgow Warriors and Saracens and added a further four caps before retiring in 2016 aged just 25 because of post concussion syndrome.

PIERCE, Cameron

Three-time capped Canadian Cameron Pierce is a board member of Provale (the French version of the RPA) alongside familiar names including Louis Picamoles and Guilhem Guirado. Having played Top 14 rugby with Pau, Cameron received a brain injury which resulted in memory problems, chronic migraines, insomnia and mood swings. He never played again. Cameron is one of the members of a lawsuit against the French Rugby Federation (FFR) and the National Rugby League (LNR) accusing the bodies of breaching safety and information obligations on concussion.

WOODARD, Lenny

Born and bred in Wales, Woodard was a prolific winger who went on to play both rugby union and rugby league for his country. Academically-gifted, Woodard studied at Cardiff Metropolitan University where he was selected for Wales U21 (union), Wales Students (league) and Great Britain students (league). In 1998 he toured Zimbabwe and South Africa with the senior Wales team and was capped for the senior Wales RL team. During his club career he played for Pontypridd RFC, Newbridge RFC, London Welsh, Pertemps Bees, Ebbw Vale RFC, Pontypool RFC, Hull Sharks and Celtic Crusaders. Woodard is the highest try scorer in Welsh league history with 186 tries. A father of five, he was diagnosed aged 45 with early onset dementia in 2021. In December 2022 he told BBC Radio Wales he worried that the aggressive way he played the game could have had consequences for others.

LIPMAN, Michael

Born in London but brought up Down Under, Michael played for Australia U21s before securing a contract in England with Bristol in 2001. With the West Country side relegated in the 2002/03 season, the openside flanker signed for local rivals Bath where he became a fan favourite, making more than 100 appearances for the club and scoring 11 tries. Despite injuries curtailing his appearances Michael was capped by England in 2004 against New Zealand. He went on to win 10 caps including 4 caps in the 2008 Six Nations. His last season of rugby saw him back in Australia with the Melbourne Rebels, before retiring in 2012. He has recently written a book with his wife Frankie detailing their battle with his diagnosis of early onset dementia and probable chronic traumatic encephalopathy attributed the number of head injuries he suffered during his playing career.

HOLLEY, Sean

Former player for Aberavon RFC, Maesteg RFC, Rugby Lions FC, University of New South Wales and Loughborough University as a sports science student in the early 90s. After suffering a career ending injury playing South Africa in 1994 turned to coaching. Coached rugby at the Elite Level for 20 years. Previously 9 years at Ospreys Rugby since their inception in 2003, finishing as Head Coach in 2012 winning 5 major trophies. Part of the Wales National Team coaching team in 2009. From 2013-16 Bristol Rugby Head Coach finishing top of the RFU Championship each season, gaining promotion to the Aviva Premiership in May 2016. As a WRU Level 5 qualified Coach & Coach Educator enjoyed undertaking Coach Development/Education sessions working freelance for International teams, clubs, schools, Governing Bodies including Wales, England, Scotland, Romania National teams. A BBC Wales and Premier Sports Rugby Expert working in TV & radio providing analysis, commentary & punditry. Also for World Rugby, BT Sport, s4c, RTE amongst others.

HAZELL, Andy

A one-club man, Andy Hazell played over 250 times as a flanker for Gloucester between 1997 and 2014 and seven times for England before retiring due to persistent concussion symptoms. With Gloucester he won the Powergen Cup in 2003 and was a key figure in the side that finished 15 points ahead in the 2002/03 Zurich Premiership before losing to Wasps in the final. In 2006 he scored a try in the European Challenge Cup final triumph against London Irish at The Stoop.  Having represented England U21s and England A, Hazell made his senior debut in November 2004 against Canada at Twickenham and came on against South Africa the following weekend. In 2005 he played four matches in the Six Nations, scoring a try against Italy in a 39-7 victory at Twickenham.

BOWRING, Kevin

Sole director and coaching consultant of Teaching Learning Coaching Ltd, and provides coaching, mentoring, personal development, support and challenge to leaders in sport, business and education. A former player at London Welsh RFC, he was the first full-time professional Wales National Coach from 1995 to 1998.  He has also been a PE teacher in both state and independent schools and a Senior Lecturer at Cardiff Metropolitan University.  He spent nearly 15 years at the RFU as Head of Elite Coach Development and has over 40 years of experience as a teacher, coach and coach developer in rugby union.  He is a former NED of UK Coaching.

EVANS, Nic

Nic is Director of Initial Teacher Education at the University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWSTD). She was formerly Programme Director for Physical Education, Sport and Youth Development undergraduate programme at St. Mary’s University, Twickenham. Women’s head coach at Wooden Spoons 7s. Previously Director of Rugby at Kings Cross Steelers, Level 3 qualified Rugby coach. Current Level 4 cohort. Sixteen years as a physical educator and Director of Sport. Rugby playing honours for Wales and Wasps Ladies. 

LAMONT, Rory

Rory won 29 caps for Scotland at wing and full back and played his club rugby for Glasgow Warriors, Sale Sharks and RC Toulon. During his career he was knocked out on 10 occasions and received dozens of further concussions where he didn’t lose consciousness. Rory has since stated he would have likely retired in 2008 had he known and understood the risks he was taking with his future health and wellbeing. As it was, his retirement came after he was unable to recover from a broken leg he sustained against France in the 2012 Six Nations Championship. After his retirement he suffered severe depression and anxiety and is now focussed on helping others dealing with symptoms brought on by brain injury. 

Johnston, Nicola MBA LLM

Currently a self-employed Management Consultant, Nicola has extensive experience working with financial services businesses to ensure their compliance with global regulatory requirements. An avid skier and rugby fan, she holds an LLM (Master of Laws) in Sports Law and Practice from De Montfort University, having written her dissertation on governance and discipline in Rugby Union. Nicola is an avid proponent of improving both governance and discipline to make the sport safer.

ALEXANDER, Ben - Australia

Ben played for ACT Brumbies in Super Rugby and in 72 tests for Australia at tighthead or loosehead prop between 2008 and 2014. One of the most decorated props in Australia history he played his first international before he had played his first game in Super Rugby although he went on to break George Smith’s long-standing record of 144 appearances for the franchise. He represented Australia at RWC 2011 and played all three tests against the British and Irish Lions in 2013. Ben retired in 2018 and earlier this year launched Alfred, a simple food and energy tracker after battling with his weight. He is now the player’s representative on the Brumbies Board of Directors, and co-owner of the pub ‘The Dock’ with former teammate Scott Fardy.

WILLIAMS, Stephen. BEd, BSc. 

PE teacher since 1970. Assistant headteacher until 2010. Currently Estates Director and Director of Rugby at Whitchurch High School, Cardiff. Coached rugby teams at 11-18 years since that 1970. 17 years as a club coach with Cross Keys RFC, Glamorgan Wands RFC, Cardiff Met RFC, and Cardiff RFC [Welsh cup winners and semi-finalist of European Cup]. Ten years working with the WRU as National Coach to the u-21 and assistant coach with the National squad. 

STIRRUP, Heather

ORPEN, Mr. Neil. FRCS.

U.K. based Consultant Spinal Surgeon currently managing patients with a range of spinal problems. Part of this is work involves elite athletes with spinal problems secondary to their sport. Neil is a former elite level judo competitor with a long history of involvement in judo, rugby and rowing and remains active in competitive sport. Through his involvement with the United Kingdom Specialist Spine Board, he has been actively involved in development of protocols and delivery of spinal treatment across all facets of spinal management in the UK. He is a current peer reviewer for the Bone and Joint Journal and British Journal of Neurosurgery. Neil has written and lectured extensively on spinal treatment and surgery. 

POPHAM, Alix

Alix is a former number eight or flanker who won 33 caps for Wales (including the 2008 Grand Slam) and played in the 2003 and 2007 Rugby World Cups in Australia and France. Known for his physicality, he made more than 350 club appearances for Newport, Leeds Tykes, Llanelli Scarlets and Brive before retiring due to injury in 2011. In April 2020, he was diagnosed with early onset dementia; doctors estimated his brain had suffered up to 100,000 sub-concussions over the course of his 14-year professional career. Together with Steve Thompson and Michael Lipman,  Popham filed legal claims against rugby’s governing bodies for the injuries they sustained during their careers. He now actively campaigns to raise awareness of brain injury.

O’DRISCOLL, Dr. Barry

Graduated from Manchester University Medical School. His career has been in Sports Medicine, Primary Care and Occupational Medicine. A former Ireland rugby international and captain of Lancashire in the English Championship and Connacht in the Irish Championship. His long-time interest has been concussion and doping in sport and he is a Fellow of the Faculty of Sport & Exercise Medicine. Barry was Chairman of IRFU Medical Committee and sat on the World Rugby Medical & Concussion Committees for 12 years representing them at the Zurich and Prague World Congresses on Concussion in Sport.  In 2012 he resigned from World Rugby and IRFU on account of their policy of a 5-minute assessment of the rugby player with suspected concussion. Barry was a Specialist Member of the UK National Anti-Doping Panel and International Tennis Federation Anti-Doping panel. He was also a member of the RFU Disciplinary Panel.

DALY, Ed - Ireland

Ed is a lecturer at the Atlantic Technological University (formerly the Galway Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT)) in Sport & Exercise Science and a founder member of the Irish Concussion Research Centre. He has extensive experience in professional sport with more than 10 years as a professional coach in Munster Rugby / IRFU. During his career he has collaborated with academic, medical and sports organisations in Ireland, Australia, USA, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, Denmark, UK and China developing welfare strategies for athletes to reduce concussion injury risk. He is currently a PhD researcher focussed on investigating concussion identification, management and reduction.

WALKER-BROWN, Hana

Hana is a documentary maker, podcast executive and author based in London. She is also the Creative Director of Broccoli Productions. Hana is a fearless and passionate advocate for speaking truth to power through her work. Her storytelling strikes a balance between investigative and intimate, taking the big world stuff and making it human. Hana has been researching and investigating CTE and concussion for six years. In 2019 she released the multi-award-winning documentary "The Beautiful Brain" for Audible which told the story West Bromwich Albion hero Jeff Astle and CTE. Her first book "A Delicate Game" continues the story bringing in Players from World Rugby, The NFL, AFL and UK Football as well as their families and leading researchers to explore a hidden disease that the powerful don’t want you to know about. It uncovers miscarriages of justice, violence against women, institutional corruption, privilege, greed, hope and redemption.  It has been heralded as "an emotive, powerful and compelling investigation" and is released in March 2022 by Hodder Books.

KOZLOWSKI, Antony

Antony is a “retired” forensic ethicist, a consultant in liability and risk management, and an intelligence operative. He is a published author. He has written and delivered professional education programmes for the insurance industry across North America. He is an alumnus of Strathclyde University and of St Francis Xavier University in Canada. An emeritus Advisor to the Institute for Insurance Ethics at Illinois State University, he is a member of the Institute for Global Ethics in Camden, Maine. He is vice-Chair of the Glasgow Council for the Voluntary Sector and Chair its Governance Committee. He also serves as a Director of the West of Scotland Regional Equality Council and a member of its Finance Committee. As a National Panel Refereeing Coach and Assessor in both Canada and Scotland, Antony has been recognised as an expert witness in Canadian court proceedings concerning rugby players rendered partially or totally paralysed where there was debate about the actions or inactions of the referee. He is married to Rena MacMillan, a retired orthopaedic nurse and a cancer and transplant survivor, originally from Benbecula in the Western Isles of Scotland.

ADAMS, Paul. BEd, MEd, MA.

WRU Referee Performance Manager. Prior to taking up the position 4 years ago, Paul spent 3 years as the Referee Community Manager. In his former role as Head of School of Sport and Land-based Studies at Bridgend College, he was responsible for the development of the Rugby Academy. In addition to refereeing commitments, Paul coached Gwent Schools U19 and Welsh Colleges.

ATTWOOD, Dr Matthew. PhD, MCSP, HCPC.

Chartered Physiotherapist, Programme Director - Msc Sport and Exercise Medicine and Clinic Director at the National Indoor Athletics Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University. Matthew has a long-standing interest in rugby union with experience as a player, coach and currently as a Physiotherapist. Matthew works with elite rugby scholars within Cardiff Met RFC and supports regional age-grade rugby as a Physiotherapist for the WRU. Matthews PhD focus was injury prevention in men’s community rugby union in England, which informed the Adult Activate rugby injury prevention programme.

SCARBROUGH, Dan

Dan is a former professional wing and full back who played over 15 years for Wakefield, Leeds, Saracens, Racing Metro and England at both 15 and 7s. A prolific try-scorer Dan was blighted by injuries after his first 15s cap as part of the 2003 World Cup squad against Wales in 2003. He flew out to South Africa four years later to join the pre-World Cup squad in 2007, no doubt helped by leading the try scoring for the 2005/06 season while at Saracens. He spent three seasons with French side Racing Métro, before playing and coaching at Lille Metropole Rugby Club in 2012. Dan is now a teacher and Head of Rugby at Bradford Grammar School. He was diagnosed with early onset dementia in December 2020 and is one of a number of ex players who is trying to drive change within the game at all levels, through his experiences.

BARKE, Dr Sam

Sports doctor and orthopaedic surgeon with a particular interest in adolescent sports injuries. As Medical Director of Return2Play since 2016, Sam has unrivalled experience of the difficulties faced by grassroots sports organisations in following concussion protocols as well as the measures that can be put in place to successfully improve care. Sam is a passionate believer in the health and social benefits of sport and that by properly managing risk those benefits can continue to be enjoyed.

BASON, Dr. Peter. BDS

Dental surgeon. Honorary dental surgeon to Northampton Saints from 1987-2012. Witnessed a huge increase in dental trauma after the game went professional. Coach at school, colts and community level. Organiser of mini-rugby sections. Chair of Governors at Northampton School for Boys – one of the most successful state rugby schools in England.

NELSON, Mr. Richard. FRCS.

Richard Nelson was appointed as a Consultant Neurosurgeon in Bristol in 1990. He has been involved in the practical, clinical management of traumatic brain injury for over 30 years. He led the establishment the Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit at the Frenchay Hospital, Bristol. His specialist interests include the management of spinal disorders in elite athletes. He has provided a minimally invasive spinal surgery service to National, Premiership and Championship rugby football clubs for the last 25 years. He has served as President of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, President of the Joint Neurosciences Council, Chair of the National Neurosurgical Audit Programme and Chair of the Specialist Advisory Committee in Neurosurgery. 

BATTEN, Marc

Joined Bassaleg school in 1983 as a Physical Education teacher, where Marc became Head of PE in 1993. Coached many successful national winning teams and future senior internationals during this time. Awarded the Guardian Teaching Award for Teacher of the Year in a Secondary School in Wales 2006. Currently Assistant Headteacher responsible for Wellbeing and Emotional/Mental Health. Played for UWIC, Cardiff University (1979 – 1983), Newport RFC (1983-1989), and Wales B (1983-84). Played in the Hong Kong sevens in 1987. Coached Newport RFC 2002/3

KING, Doug - New Zealand

Doug is a clinical nurse specialist and concussion expert based in New Zealand. Doug has spent over 20 years researching sports-related concussion and head impact biomechanics and he was recognised in the top 0.5 percent of experts worldwide on brain concussion in 2021. His research informs practices and guidelines across New Zealand and internationally. Doug believes concussion and traumatic brain injury is a silent epidemic and there is need for a change in guidelines, both in sport, and in the wider management and monitoring of concussion.

BEAUMONT, Philip

Director of Rugby at Northampton School for Boys, with 20 years coaching experience of age grade rugby. PE Secondary Teacher for 13 years. Oversee 200 students weekly playing rugby for the school in a top-flight schools fixture card. RFU Coach Developer and coached representative rugby for U14-16 Northamptonshire Saints and East Midlands. Work in partnership with the Northampton Saints U18 Junior Academy and coaching staff also delivering the ‘Diploma in Sporting Excellence’ for students with potential into the professional senior game. 

GARDNER, Ian

Senior Lecturer in Sport, Physical Education & Health in Cardiff Metropolitan University. Head Coach of Cardiff Metropolitan RFC  in the WRU National Championship and the BUCS Super Rugby National League. Level 4 coach. Previously Director of Rugby and Head Coach at Bedwas RFC for 17 years in the Welsh Premiership. Has coached Wales U18’s National Age Grade. Ian spent 21 years as a Physical Education teacher and Head of Department at St Cenydd Comprehensive school in Caerphilly. Principal Examiner for WJEC AS Physical Education.

PINHEIRO, Hermano Dr - Brazil

Hermano is a sport physical therapist from the National Society of Sports Physiotherapy and Physical Activity (SONAFE) and has a PhD from the University of Sao Paulo. He has worked in concussion clinical care and rehabilitation since 2014 and has clinical experience with concussion rehabilitation in rugby, American football, handball and fighters. In Brazil, Hermano is the CEO of an educational initiative called Concussion Care Brazil.

GODDARD, Mr Nicholas MB BS FRCS.

Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at Royal Free Hospital in London. Nick has a passion for rugby having played for many years, then transitioning to referee with Eastern Counties, London Society and the FFR whilst working in Paris. He has 35 years of involvement in sports medicine having looked after Surrey Cricket, London Irish, and for the past 20 years Rosslyn Park rugby, where he is currently president.

HARRISON Dan. MA Cantab. 

Headmaster at Sedbergh School. Teacher since 1993 at Sedbergh. Director of Rugby at Sedbergh from 2000-2011 (4 unbeaten seasons and winners of Rosslyn Park National Sevens in 2008). During that period coached many players who went into the professional game. Previously at Cambridge University and played over 100 times for Wharfedale in the National leagues and got 3 caps for Yorkshire at scrum half.

GARCIA SAENZ, Eduardo - Argentina

Eduardo is a former rugby player, coach and administrator who now works as a sports journalist and historian following a career in banking. Based in Bueno Aires, he coached at youth and senior levels, and was Argentina U19 coach (89/90) and assistant coach to the U21 national side in 1980. As well as writing rugby columns and stints on both radio and television, Eduardo commentated in Spanish for CNN at the 2015 RWC and has written several sports books on Argentinian and English football, Argentinian polo, specifically the Argentine Polo Open Championship.